4-D Ultrasound
One use of ultrasound is to create images of a fetus to provide information about its age and heart rate, and whether birth defects are present. Diagnostic fetal ultrasound has always created two-dimensional images. Advances in technology, however, have led to four-dimensional (4-D) ultrasound, which takes real-time images that are used to create a video of the fetus in motion. Almost always elective, a 4-D ultrasound does not replace a diagnostic ultrasound to evaluate the age and anatomy of the fetus. Although it is not considered a standard prenatal test, it may be helpful in identifying certain birth defects, such as cleft lip/palate, or problems with the placenta, that may not be visible on a routine two-dimensional ultrasound.
With two-dimensional ultrasound, sound waves are sent straight down and reflected back, producing an outline and flat image of the fetus and internal organs. With 3-D ultrasound, sound waves are sent out in many directions, producing three-dimensional images. With 4-D ultrasound, these three-dimensional images are recorded and played back in succession, creating a "live" video that captures the fetus's movements and facial expressions.
The 4-D Ultrasound Procedure
4-D ultrasound is performed in a physician's office or diagnostic imaging center, usually after 25 weeks of pregnancy. During the procedure, the technician applies a special gel, which helps to carry sound waves, to the patient's abdomen. The technician then holds the ultrasound probe against the abdomen in various places to capture a range of images. A computer produces the 4-D video (or DVD), which can be taken home by the patient. The procedure lasts about 30 minutes.
Risks of 4-D Ultrasound
One possible complication is that, due to the fetus's position or movements, it may not be possible to capture clear images of its face. In terms of fetal health, the effects of ultrasound are unknown. Some experts have expressed concerns about the health risks of exposure to the extra ultrasound waves used in 4-D imaging.
In most cases, unless prescribed by a physician, 4-D ultrasound is an elective procedure, with the cost not covered by insurance.
For more information about 4-D Ultrasound, Call Arash Padidar's office at 408-918-0405